Publishing Pitfalls: Understanding, Identifying, and Avoiding Vanity Press Scams
- For The Writers | Official · Authenticated & Thoughtfully Reviewed
- Oct 10, 2024
- 26 min read
Updated: 3 days ago
For many writers, publishing a book is a dream come true, but the path to publication can be lined with traps. One of the most common and costly are vanity presses. These companies present themselves as legitimate publishers, promising visibility and success, but often leave authors with drained bank accounts, low-quality books, and broken promises.
The rise of self-publishing has created fertile ground for these scams. In 2023, Bowker reported more than 2.6 million self-published titles with ISBNs—a 7.2% increase from the year before. At the same time, Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing paid authors over $650 million in royalties in the last year alone. Legitimate self-publishing platforms like KDP and IngramSpark empower writers and keep rights in their hands. Vanity presses, by contrast, exploit inexperience and blur the line between service providers and publishers.
Recent alerts from The Authors Guild underscore how predatory these operations have become. Scams now include impersonation schemes where fraudsters pose as agents or publishers, dangling “book-to-film” deals or offering $250,000–$350,000 contracts—if the author first pays a hefty fee. In one case, a so-called agency promised Hollywood representation for a $500 upfront payment, then disappeared.
To avoid falling into these traps, be alert to common red flags:
Upfront fees for editing, marketing, or distribution, with no clear return on investment.
Unsolicited offers, especially those promising representation or large advances.
Unrealistic guarantees such as “average sales of 20,000 copies” or claims of bestseller status.
Contracts that take your rights while charging you for services.
Legitimate publishers do not cold-call authors with offers. Reputable agents and presses are overwhelmed with submissions and selective in what they acquire. Likewise, credible self-publishing services may charge for formatting or distribution but never claim ownership of your intellectual property.
Your manuscript represents years of work, and protecting it means being cautious, informed, and willing to walk away when something feels off. By knowing the warning signs and verifying every offer, you can safeguard your rights and ensure your book reaches readers through trusted, professional channels.
Recognizing Vanity Press Tactics
Publishing your work is an exciting milestone, but not every publishing path is created equal. Among the legitimate avenues—traditional publishing, hybrid models, and self-publishing—writers must remain alert to vanity presses (sometimes called subsidy presses). These companies charge authors steep fees for editing, design, printing, and distribution, while often retaining rights to the work. Some require writers to buy large quantities of their own books or purchase spots in anthologies marketed as “publishing opportunities.” In most cases, these arrangements benefit the company, not the author.
A simple rule of thumb: if you are paying to publish, you should always retain 100% of your rights and maintain control over distribution and marketing. Vanity presses violate this principle by locking writers into contracts that strip control while offering little more than expensive printing and minimal promotion. In contrast, legitimate publishers invest in authors without charging fees, and reputable literary agents earn their income only through commissions on book sales.
Writers should also approach contests with care. Entry fees of $10–$25 are common for credible competitions, helping to fund prizes and compensate external judges. But if a contest demands payment for typesetting, cover design, or anthology inclusion, it’s a red flag. These “contests” are often thinly disguised schemes designed to sell overpriced books back to the entrants.
The best defense against predatory publishing schemes is diligence: research the company, read contracts closely, and verify credentials with trusted sources like Writer Beware or the Authors Guild. With vigilance, writers can avoid costly missteps and ensure their work reaches readers through channels that respect their creative and financial investment.
Common Publishing Scams
Dodging publishing scams requires vigilance. Predatory companies have become increasingly sophisticated, making it critical for writers to recognize the warning signs before signing a contract or sending money. While the specifics may vary, most scams share a few common traits.
Be especially cautious if a publisher:
Asks for money upfront. Reputable publishers do not require authors to “co-invest” in editing, design, or marketing. Any request for payment as a condition of publication is a red flag.
Avoids direct communication. If a company is difficult to reach, slow to respond, or evasive when you ask questions, treat it as a warning. Legitimate publishers are transparent and accessible.
Lacks transparency online. Sparse websites, missing staff information, and unanswered inquiries often signal a business that is more interested in collecting fees than supporting authors.
Makes unrealistic promises. Guaranteed bestseller status, claims of extraordinary sales numbers, or promises of immediate film deals are rarely credible. If it sounds too good to be true, it almost always is.
Even companies with polished branding or widespread recognition can be predatory. That’s why the most important step is independent verification. Research the publisher, check watchdog sites like Writer Beware, and read every contract carefully. Confirm their track record by speaking directly with authors who have published with them.
Doing this homework protects your rights, your money, and your book—ensuring your publishing journey is built on trust, not exploitation.
Warning Signs to Heed
Spotting red flags early can save you from costly mistakes. Predatory publishers often hide behind polished websites and persuasive pitches, but certain warning signs almost always reveal their intentions. If you encounter any of the following, take a step back and reevaluate before moving forward:
Vague or one-sided contracts. If terms are unclear, undefined, or written to heavily favor the publisher, do not sign until you’ve had it reviewed by a legal or publishing professional.
No clear distribution or marketing plan. Legitimate publishers can explain how your book will reach readers, whether through bookstores, online platforms, or targeted campaigns. If their plan is nonexistent or vague, it’s a red flag.
Excessive or hidden fees. Charges for editing, design, marketing, or mandatory book purchases often indicate a vanity press profiting from authors rather than book sales.
Unrealistic testimonials. If all reviews sound identical, overly positive, or staged, dig deeper. Seek independent reviews or contact authors directly.
High-pressure tactics. Reputable publishers give authors time to review contracts and make informed decisions. If you’re being rushed to sign, walk away.
Trustworthy publishing partnerships are built on transparency, professionalism, and respect. If any part of the process feels off, trust your instincts—its always better to pause and investigate than to commit to a deal that undermines your work and rights.
Be Your Own Detective
Approaching the publishing world requires the same diligence as detective work. Predatory publishers thrive on authors who are eager to sign quickly, hoping that enthusiasm will override scrutiny. Taking the time to investigate can mean the difference between a book that reaches readers and a contract that drains your resources.
Start with trusted industry resources. Directories like Writer’s Market and organizations such as the Independent Book Publishers Association (IBPA) maintain vetted listings of legitimate publishers. The Authors Guild and the Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers Association (SFWA) also publish frequent scam alerts and resources through their Writer Beware program. According to Writer Beware, reports of publishing scams have increased steadily since 2020, with new impersonation tactics becoming more common in 2024–2025. This underscores the need for authors to cross-check every offer against reliable sources before engaging.
Next, pay close attention to reviews and testimonials, but don’t just read what appears on a publisher’s own website. Independent forums like Absolute Write, Reddit’s r/publishing, and professional writing blogs often contain unfiltered accounts from authors who have worked with specific companies. A recent 2024 survey by ALLi’s Self-Publishing Advice Center found that over 68% of authors who reported negative experiences with publishers identified misleading testimonials as an early red flag they had ignored.
The publisher’s website can also provide critical insight. A legitimate operation typically showcases a catalog of books with verifiable distribution in stores or online platforms, clear submission guidelines, and named staff with publishing backgrounds. In contrast, many vanity presses rely on generic “About Us” pages, missing staff credentials, or vague claims about marketing reach. Transparency, or the lack thereof, is one of the most reliable indicators of whether a company has authors’ best interests at heart.
Direct author outreach is another powerful tool. Contacting writers who have published with the company can uncover whether promises of marketing, royalties, or distribution were fulfilled. According to the Authors Guild, authors who directly contacted peers before signing were three times less likely to report being scammed than those who relied solely on the publisher’s claims.
Finally, always check for complaints. Consumer protection sites like the Better Business Bureau and watchdog organizations like Writer Beware catalog hundreds of cases each year. Many scams resurface under new names, making it especially important to search broadly. A quick online search for “[Publisher Name] scam” can often reveal patterns of misconduct that polished websites conceal.
Doing this level of detective work takes time, but the payoff is invaluable. With publishing scams becoming increasingly sophisticated, skepticism and research are your strongest defenses. If a deal withstands scrutiny, you can move forward with confidence. If not, walking away will save you from contracts that cost far more than money—they can cost control of your creative work.
Guard Your Rights
Your book is intellectual property. Protecting your rights ensures that your story remains under your control, both creatively and financially. Too often, predatory publishers take advantage of authors who don’t fully understand what they’re signing. A 2024 Authors Guild survey found that over 40% of writers who reported disputes with publishers admitted they hadn’t fully understood their contracts at the time of signing. That number highlights just how critical it is to slow down and read every clause carefully.
The first step is understanding contract terms. Legitimate agreements clearly define royalties, subsidiary rights, reversion clauses, and termination policies. Beware of vague language or contracts that give the publisher sweeping control without reciprocal obligations. For instance, a contract that grants “worldwide rights in all formats” but doesn’t guarantee distribution beyond print-on-demand platforms could leave your book tied up indefinitely with little benefit to you.
Equally important is retaining your copyright. By default, copyright belongs to the author from the moment the work is created. Signing over copyright or granting broad rights of use should only be done with full awareness of the consequences. In 2023, Writer Beware documented multiple cases where vanity presses required authors to transfer copyright as part of their “publishing partnership,” effectively stripping them of ownership while charging fees for production. No legitimate traditional publisher demands upfront payment and control of copyright.
When in doubt, ask questions. Professional organizations such as the Authors Guild or the Independent Book Publishers Association (IBPA) provide resources and sometimes contract review services. Consulting a publishing lawyer is another safeguard; even a one-hour review can save you from years of regret.
Finally, remember that contracts are negotiable. Key points such as royalty rates, advance structures, marketing responsibilities, and rights reversion can and should be discussed. Traditional publishing contracts often start with royalties of 10–15% on hardcover sales and 25% on e-books, but hybrid or indie arrangements may vary widely. If terms seem one-sided, such as requiring the author to fund marketing while the publisher retains most royalties, that’s a signal to push back or walk away.
Guarding your rights isn’t about being difficult; it’s about ensuring your creative work is treated with the respect it deserves. By knowing the industry standards, retaining your copyright, and negotiating from a place of confidence, you maintain ownership of your story, and prevent it from being exploited.
Smart Publishing Paths
There is no single road to publishing success. The good news is that authors today have more legitimate options than ever before, each with its own advantages, challenges, and financial models. The key is choosing a path that aligns with your goals while preserving your rights and earnings. According to Bowker, over 2.6 million self-published titles were registered with ISBNs in 2023, while traditional publishers released fewer than half a million. This widening gap demonstrates both the growing opportunity in self-publishing and the need for writers to choose carefully.
Some of the most reliable publishing paths include:
Traditional Publishing
The most selective route, but also the most established. Authors typically secure a literary agent who pitches their manuscript to publishing houses. Reputable publishers cover all costs (editing, design, marketing, and distribution) and pay authors an advance against royalties. While competition is fierce and timelines can be long, traditional publishing offers broad distribution, credibility, and professional support.
Continue reading: The Path to Traditional Publishing: A Comprehensive Guide for Writers.
Hybrid Publishing
A middle ground between traditional and self-publishing. Reputable hybrid publishers operate on a cost-sharing model, where authors invest financially but retain higher royalties than in traditional deals. Quality hybrid presses provide transparent contracts, marketing support, and established distribution channels. The Independent Book Publishers Association (IBPA) has developed criteria for evaluating hybrids, which authors should use to separate legitimate partnerships from disguised vanity presses.
Self-Publishing Platforms
Services like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP), IngramSpark, and BookBaby allow authors to publish independently while retaining full rights and creative control. KDP alone paid authors over $650 million in royalties in the last 12 months, proof of the financial viability of this model for those willing to manage their own marketing. While self-publishing requires more effort from the author, it offers maximum flexibility and ownership.
Continue reading: The Ultimate Guide to Self-Publishing: Maintaining Full Control.
Small Presses
Independent publishers often specialize in niche markets or specific genres, offering more personalized attention than large houses. While advances may be smaller, small presses can be an excellent fit for debut authors, particularly in poetry, literary fiction, or regional nonfiction. Many small presses accept unsolicited submissions, eliminating the barrier of needing an agent.
The publishing landscape is broader and more diverse than ever, but the underlying rule remains the same: legitimate publishers invest in your success, not in your pocketbook. Choosing the right path requires weighing your long-term goals, financial resources, and appetite for self-promotion, but each of these options offers a way forward without compromising your rights or creative control.
Recognized Vanity Publishers
Although self-publishing has created new opportunities for authors, many companies still operate under a vanity press model—charging high fees for publication while providing little in the way of marketing or distribution. Below are several publishers that have been repeatedly identified by watchdog organizations and industry experts as operating in this space.
AuthorHouse
Established in 1997 and now part of Author Solutions, AuthorHouse has become one of the most recognizable names in vanity publishing—and one of the most criticized. The company positions itself as a self-publishing service provider but operates on a pay-to-publish model that requires authors to purchase expensive packages for editing, design, and marketing. Publishing packages can cost several thousand dollars, with add-ons marketed aggressively by sales representatives (SelfPublishing.com, 2023).
Industry watchdogs consistently warn authors about AuthorHouse. The Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi) lists it on its “worst offenders” watchlist, citing repeated reports of high-pressure sales tactics, upselling of unnecessary services, and misleading marketing promises (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020). For example, many authors report being told their book could be pitched to Hollywood producers or featured at major book fairs, but only if they purchased costly promotional bundles that rarely delivered meaningful results.
Royalty and payment issues are also common. Some writers have complained of delayed or missing royalty checks, unexplained deductions, and lack of transparency in sales reporting. In one documented case, an author reported receiving royalty statements showing book sales but no corresponding payments, with the company citing vague “processing delays.” These experiences have eroded AuthorHouse’s reputation among professional authors and led to warnings across multiple publishing communities, including Writer Beware and Reddit’s r/selfpublish.
Perhaps most concerning is AuthorHouse’s parent company, Author Solutions, which has been the subject of class-action lawsuits alleging deceptive business practices. Although settlements were reached, the complaints highlighted systemic issues across Author Solutions’ imprints, including AuthorHouse, Xlibris, and iUniverse. These legal actions reinforce what publishing watchdogs have said for years: AuthorHouse prioritizes its own profits over its authors’ success.
In short, while AuthorHouse presents itself as a pathway to publication, it remains one of the most notorious vanity presses in the industry. Authors considering its services are strongly advised to research carefully, read contracts thoroughly, and compare alternatives with transparent, author-friendly platforms.
iUniverse
Founded in 1999 and now owned by Author Solutions, iUniverse is another well-known vanity press that markets itself under the label of “assisted self-publishing.” While the company presents its services as a supportive partnership for authors, it operates on a pay-to-publish model, requiring writers to purchase publishing packages that can cost several thousand dollars. Standard publishing packages range from basic entry-level options to high-priced bundles exceeding $15,000, with further upselling for editing, publicity campaigns, and “book fair representation” (SelfPublishing.com, 2023).
The Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi) places iUniverse in its “caution” or “watchdog advisory” category, citing long-standing concerns over high fees, questionable marketing tactics, and poor value for money (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020). Authors report being pressured to buy additional promotional services with promises that their books could reach bookstores, libraries, or even film producers—services that rarely deliver the implied results.
Numerous consumer complaints highlight issues such as inaccurate royalty reporting, delayed payments, and lack of sales transparency. For example, some authors reported receiving royalty statements indicating book sales but never receiving the corresponding payments. Others describe ongoing pressure from sales representatives pushing new “marketing opportunities” even after their books were published. On watchdog forums like Writer Beware and Reddit’s r/selfpublish, iUniverse is often grouped with Author Solutions’ other imprints (AuthorHouse, Xlibris, Trafford) as part of a larger pattern of exploitative practices.
Perhaps most concerning, iUniverse was included in a 2012 class-action lawsuit against Author Solutions, which alleged deceptive practices across its imprints. While the case was settled, it documented systemic concerns around upselling, lack of author support, and hidden costs (Strauss, 2012). This legal history underscores why iUniverse continues to appear on lists of vanity publishers to avoid.
In summary, while iUniverse markets itself as a helping hand for aspiring authors, its reliance on expensive, often ineffective service packages makes it a poor choice for most writers. Authors seeking self-publishing support are better served by platforms like Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) or IngramSpark, where costs are transparent and royalties remain firmly in the author’s control.
Xlibris
Founded in 1997 and acquired by Author Solutions in 2000, Xlibris is one of the company’s longest-running vanity press imprints. It advertises itself as a self-publishing service but requires authors to purchase costly publishing packages, which typically range from $1,999 to nearly $15,000, with additional upselling for editing, publicity, and marketing campaigns (SelfPublishing.com, 2023).
While the company promises professional-quality services, author reports tell a different story. Writers have frequently complained of confusing royalty statements, delayed or missing payments, and unexpected fees added after contracts were signed (Writing Forums, 2022). Others describe packages that deliver very little beyond basic print-on-demand availability, despite high costs. For example, “book fair representation” and “press release distribution” packages often charge thousands of dollars yet provide no measurable boost in visibility or sales.
The Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi) places Xlibris in its “caution” advisory category, warning writers about its aggressive sales practices, inflated marketing claims, and lack of transparency (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020). One recurring complaint is the company’s royalty withholding practices: authors report that up to one-third of royalties may be deducted for “taxes” when checks are mailed internationally, leaving writers confused about how their earnings are calculated.
Like AuthorHouse and iUniverse, Xlibris was also named in the 2012 class-action lawsuit against Author Solutions, which alleged systemic deceptive practices, including misleading authors about distribution and aggressively upselling ineffective marketing services (Strauss, 2012). Although the case was settled, it reinforced the longstanding reputation of Xlibris as an imprint that prioritizes profit from authors rather than sales to readers.
In short, Xlibris continues to function as a vanity press, charging high upfront fees for services that rarely advance an author’s career. Writers considering its packages should compare the costs to transparent alternatives such as Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) or IngramSpark, where authors maintain rights and pay only for what they use.
Balboa Press
Created in partnership with Hay House in 2010, Balboa Press markets itself to authors in the self-help, spiritual, and inspirational genres. While it leverages the credibility of its connection to Hay House, it functions as a fee-for-service vanity press operated under the Author Solutions umbrella. Publishing packages start at $1,099 but can climb to over $14,000 once editing, publicity, and marketing add-ons are included (SelfPublishing.com, 2023).
Balboa Press has been the subject of widespread criticism from both authors and industry watchdogs. Writers frequently report aggressive upselling tactics, with sales representatives pressuring them to purchase costly “Hollywood pitching” packages, book fair displays, or press release distributions that rarely lead to meaningful visibility or sales (WritersWeekly, 2021). Complaints also highlight poor editing quality, lack of design professionalism, and little to no follow-through on promised marketing campaigns.
In 2018, the Better Business Bureau (BBB) logged multiple complaints against Balboa Press regarding unfulfilled services and refund disputes (BBB, 2018). The Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi) has also flagged Balboa Press in its “caution” list, citing the mismatch between what authors pay and the value they actually receive (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020).
A recurring concern is that Balboa Press heavily markets itself as a potential stepping-stone to Hay House, giving new authors the impression that success through Balboa could lead to a traditional Hay House publishing deal. However, watchdog reports emphasize that this outcome is extremely rare and used primarily as a sales tactic to entice authors into expensive packages (WritersWeekly, 2021).
Balboa Press exemplifies how vanity presses can use the reputation of larger publishing brands to gain trust while operating on a model that prioritizes author payments over book sales. For writers in the self-help and spiritual markets, alternatives such as true self-publishing platforms (KDP, IngramSpark) or seeking legitimate hybrid publishers provide far more transparent, cost-effective options.
Trafford Publishing
Founded in 1995 in British Columbia, Trafford Publishing was one of the first companies to adopt print-on-demand technology for independent authors. Initially, it positioned itself as a pioneer in self-publishing, offering writers the ability to produce books without traditional print runs. However, after being acquired by Author Solutions in 2009, Trafford transitioned firmly into the vanity press model, requiring authors to pay substantial upfront fees to publish (Wikipedia, 2024a).
Publishing packages at Trafford often cost several thousand dollars and include charges for basic services such as formatting, cover design, and distribution. Authors report that while the company promises professional editing and marketing opportunities, these services are either outsourced at high cost or deliver minimal results for the money invested (SelfPublishing.com, 2023). Common complaints include poor editing quality, lack of responsiveness from staff, and limited distribution beyond print-on-demand availability.
The Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi) has repeatedly flagged Trafford in its “watchdog advisory” category, warning authors about its lack of transparency, aggressive upselling tactics, and failure to deliver effective marketing support (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020). Like its sister imprints (AuthorHouse, Xlibris, iUniverse), Trafford has also been associated with royalty reporting issues, with some writers alleging delayed or missing payments.
In addition, Trafford was one of several Author Solutions imprints named in the 2012 class-action lawsuit alleging deceptive business practices across the company’s brands, including misrepresentation of services and pressuring authors into purchasing overpriced marketing packages (Strauss, 2012). Although the case was settled, the lawsuit reinforced Trafford’s reputation as a vanity press that profits from authors rather than helping them sell books to readers.
Today, Trafford continues to operate under the Author Solutions umbrella, but its once-innovative status as a pioneer of print-on-demand has been overshadowed by its association with predatory vanity publishing practices. Authors considering Trafford should carefully evaluate costs and outcomes compared to more transparent platforms like Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) or IngramSpark.
Lulu Publishing
Founded in 2002, Lulu is often recognized as a pioneer in online self-publishing and print-on-demand technology. At its core, Lulu functions as a legitimate self-publishing platform, allowing authors to upload manuscripts, set prices, and distribute their books globally through retailers like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and Ingram’s distribution network. For authors who only want to publish with minimal costs, Lulu’s do-it-yourself platform is transparent and relatively low risk.
However, Lulu also sells service packages that move into the territory of vanity publishing. These packages, marketed as “assisted publishing,” can cost anywhere from several hundred dollars to several thousand. They typically include editing, cover design, and marketing services—many of which are outsourced and sold at inflated prices (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020). Critics warn that inexperienced authors can be persuaded into purchasing these costly tiers with the expectation of higher visibility or sales, yet the outcomes rarely justify the expense.
Independent watchdogs, including the Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi), categorize Lulu in their “caution” list, advising writers to carefully evaluate any paid services. While Lulu’s platform itself is not inherently exploitative, the bundled services resemble vanity press tactics, particularly when sold through upselling practices that imply guaranteed marketing success. On forums such as Reddit’s r/selfpublish, authors often share that while Lulu is useful for printing and distribution, its premium services do not offer meaningful advantages over hiring freelancers directly.
In short, Lulu occupies a gray area in the publishing landscape. Its basic platform is a legitimate and often valuable tool for independent authors who prefer transparency and control. But its higher-cost service tiers risk blurring the line between true self-publishing and vanity publishing, especially for first-time authors unfamiliar with industry norms. Writers considering Lulu should make full use of its DIY publishing tools while approaching premium packages with skepticism, comparing costs against independent service providers to ensure fair value.
Outskirts Press
Founded in 2002 and based in Colorado, Outskirts Press positions itself as a full-service publishing company, offering a wide range of packages for editing, design, and marketing. These services are marketed as comprehensive and professional, but the company has long been criticized for operating under a vanity press model, where authors pay thousands of dollars upfront for publication and promotion (SelfPublishing.com, 2023).
Publishing watchdogs and authors alike report that Outskirts’ services often fail to justify their costs. Complaints frequently cite poor editing quality, generic cover designs, and ineffective marketing campaigns, despite premium price tags. In one public case, a former client described the company as “incompetent when publishing and promoting books, and both incompetent and untruthful when promoting itself” (PRLog, 2010). Other authors echo similar concerns in forums such as Reddit’s r/selfpublish and Absolute Write, noting disappointing sales outcomes and ongoing upselling attempts for additional services.
Outskirts also markets expensive “book marketing” add-ons, including packages for press release distribution, social media promotion, and book fair representation. However, many of these services are criticized as cookie-cutter efforts that provide little targeted visibility. For example, authors have reported paying thousands for listings at book fairs, only to discover that their titles were displayed in bulk catalogs with no individualized promotion.
The Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi) has included Outskirts Press in its “caution” advisory list, advising authors to thoroughly research its services before signing contracts (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020). While Outskirts offers the appearance of professionalism, its track record suggests that authors investing heavily in its packages are unlikely to see a meaningful return on that investment.
For authors seeking professional assistance, more transparent options include hiring freelance editors and designers directly, or using platforms like KDP and IngramSpark, where costs are lower and royalties remain fully under the author’s control.
New Generation Publishing
Founded in 2009 and based in the United Kingdom, New Generation Publishing (NGP) promotes itself as an “assisted self-publishing” company offering editing, design, and marketing services. While the company provides a range of publishing packages at varying price points, watchdogs and author reviews suggest that its model operates closer to a vanity press, with authors shouldering the majority of the financial risk.
NGP markets its services as a way for writers to achieve “professional” publication while retaining some rights. However, transparency issues are frequently cited by authors. For example, on Trustpilot, the company maintains a 3.5 out of 5 rating as of 2024, with reviews sharply divided between highly positive experiences and scathing criticism (Trustpilot, 2024). Positive reviewers often highlight friendly staff and helpful communication, while negative accounts describe unclear royalty reporting, vague marketing promises, and overpriced service bundles that delivered little measurable impact.
Unlike true self-publishing platforms such as Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) or IngramSpark, which operate on a low-cost, transparent model, New Generation Publishing’s packages rely on upfront fees that can escalate quickly. Industry watchdogs caution that the company’s branding of “assisted self-publishing” risks misleading new authors into believing they are entering a professional partnership, when in fact the financial structure mirrors vanity publishing.
The Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi) has flagged NGP in its community forums and directories as one to approach with caution, pointing to the uncertain value proposition of its higher-tier packages (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020). Authors are often encouraged to weigh whether services like cover design, editing, and marketing might be better sourced independently, where costs and quality are easier to verify.
In short, while New Generation Publishing positions itself as supportive of authors, its reliance on fee-based packages and mixed reputation among clients suggest that writers should proceed carefully. For UK-based authors, small presses with transparent contracts or reputable hybrid publishers may offer safer, more cost-effective alternatives.
Tate Publishing (Defunct)
Once based in Mustang, Oklahoma, Tate Publishing & Enterprises presented itself as a Christian-based publishing company but operated for years as a vanity press. Founded in 2000, the company became infamous for requiring authors to invest thousands of dollars upfront in exchange for promises of professional editing, marketing, and wide distribution. In practice, many writers reported deceptive contracts, inflated service costs, and failure to deliver on commitments (On the Cobblestone Road, 2018).
By 2015, industry watchdogs such as Writer Beware and the Better Business Bureau (BBB) had flagged Tate for a growing number of author complaints, including missing royalty payments, poor-quality production, and aggressive upselling of additional services. Authors frequently shared experiences of contracts that heavily favored the publisher, with few protections or remedies for writers when Tate failed to deliver (Strauss, 2015).
The company’s downfall accelerated when legal action caught up with it. In 2017, Tate Publishing and its executives faced multiple lawsuits and criminal charges, including allegations of embezzlement, fraud, and deceptive business practices (NewsOK, 2017). Court filings revealed that Tate had taken money from authors while failing to pay vendors and employees, leaving both writers and staff financially harmed. That same year, the company abruptly closed, leaving hundreds of authors in limbo with unfinished projects and unresolved disputes.
Tate’s collapse stands as a cautionary tale for authors navigating the publishing landscape. Despite its branding as a supportive Christian publisher, Tate operated as a vanity press that prioritized extracting money from authors rather than selling books to readers. Its history demonstrates why writers must scrutinize contracts carefully, verify company reputations with watchdog organizations, and remain skeptical of publishers that require large upfront payments.
WestBow Press
Launched in 2009, WestBow Press is an imprint of Thomas Nelson and Zondervan, both part of HarperCollins Christian Publishing. It markets itself to Christian writers seeking publication and leverages its association with a respected traditional publisher to build credibility. However, WestBow operates under a pay-to-publish vanity model, requiring authors to purchase publishing packages that can cost several thousand dollars (Wikipedia, 2024a).
WestBow’s packages—often marketed as “professional publishing solutions”—include editing, design, and marketing services, but watchdogs warn that these services are expensive and deliver limited results compared to what authors pay. As with other Author Solutions–affiliated imprints, authors have reported aggressive upselling of add-ons, such as book fair displays or Hollywood pitching services, which rarely lead to meaningful exposure or sales (SelfPublishing.com, 2023).
A particularly concerning issue is the branding connection to HarperCollins. Many authors believe publishing through WestBow could open the door to traditional contracts with Thomas Nelson or Zondervan. While WestBow representatives sometimes suggest that standout titles may be considered by HarperCollins editors, industry experts and watchdogs stress that this pathway is extremely rare and used primarily as a marketing tool to entice authors into costly packages (Self-Publishing Advice Center, 2020).
The Alliance of Independent Authors (ALLi) includes WestBow on its “caution” list, warning that despite its Christian publishing niche and respected parent company, its model remains a vanity operation. Like Balboa Press and other Author Solutions imprints, WestBow profits primarily from selling services to authors, not from selling books to readers.
While WestBow Press presents itself as a faith-based publishing partner backed by HarperCollins, its business model is consistent with vanity publishing practices. Authors seeking to publish Christian books are better served by exploring small independent presses in the faith market or self-publishing platforms like KDP and IngramSpark, where costs are transparent and royalties remain under the author’s control.
It’s important to note that while these companies market themselves as self-publishing platforms, they often blur the line between legitimate self-publishing and vanity press practices. Aspiring authors should carefully evaluate the terms and services of any publishing company before committing to ensure it aligns with their goals and budget.
Trusted Industry Resources
Navigating the publishing world is challenging, but authors don’t have to go it alone. Reliable industry resources can provide the guidance, transparency, and community support needed to make smart publishing decisions. These organizations are widely recognized for their credibility and commitment to protecting writers:
Winning Writers
Widely regarded as one of the most reliable resources for authors, Winning Writers combines expert craft advice with practical publishing guidance. The organization is best known for its carefully vetted contest listings, which highlight reputable opportunities while flagging competitions with hidden fees or exploitative terms. Each year, their “Best Free Literary Contests” roundup is published and updated, making it a trusted reference point for thousands of emerging and established writers looking to submit their work without risk of being taken advantage of.
Beyond contests, Winning Writers also issues scam alerts and publishes in-depth articles on the writing life, helping authors recognize the difference between legitimate opportunities and vanity-driven schemes. Their coverage has included warnings about predatory anthologies and overpriced “awards” programs, both of which continue to target unsuspecting writers. With a strong commitment to transparency, Winning Writers has earned its reputation as a watchdog resource as much as a professional development hub. For authors seeking both inspiration and protection, it provides a balanced, trustworthy foundation for pursuing publication opportunities.
Writer Beware (SFWA & Authors Guild)
Widely considered the most authoritative watchdog in publishing, Writer Beware has been protecting authors for over two decades. A joint project of the Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers Association (SFWA) and the Authors Guild, the site exposes scams, questionable publishers, agents, contests, and “author services” companies that exploit writers. Co-founded by author and publishing advocate Victoria Strauss, who still maintains the program, Writer Beware is frequently updated with detailed reports, case studies, and alerts on the latest fraud tactics.
In recent years, Strauss and her team have tracked the rise of impersonation scams, where fraudsters pose as agents, publishers, or even Hollywood producers offering lucrative “book-to-film” deals, often demanding upfront fees. They also monitor deceptive “hybrid” publishers that function more like vanity presses, identifying patterns of hidden costs, rights grabs, and misleading contracts. The site maintains extensive searchable archives, including a “Thumbs Down Publishers” list and breakdowns of common red flags authors should watch for.
What sets Writer Beware apart is its credibility and transparency. Rather than offering general warnings, it names names, documents complaints, and provides clear, actionable advice to help authors protect themselves. It is often the first line of defense for writers worldwide, and its resources are cited by publishing professionals, legal experts, and advocacy groups alike. For any author navigating today’s complex publishing environment, Writer Beware is an essential tool for staying informed and safe.
ALLi (Alliance of Independent Authors)
Founded in 2012, ALLi has quickly become one of the most trusted global organizations for self-published and indie authors. Its mission is to provide guidance, advocacy, and ethical standards in a marketplace that often blurs the lines between legitimate publishing and predatory practices. One of ALLi’s most valuable tools is its Self-Publishing Service Directory & Ratings, which evaluates companies offering editing, design, distribution, and marketing services. Each provider is ranked as “Approved,” “Caution,” or “Watchdog Advisory,” giving authors a clear sense of which services to trust and which to avoid.
Beyond its watchdog role, ALLi publishes comprehensive guides and white papers on the state of self-publishing, industry standards, and best practices. Members gain access to legal advice, contract reviews, discounts on publishing services, and an active global community of writers. ALLi is also known for its #EthicalAuthor campaign, which promotes transparency and integrity in self-publishing. For authors considering self-publishing or hybrid publishing, ALLi serves as a roadmap—offering practical support while holding the industry accountable.
Publishers Marketplace
Often called the “LinkedIn of publishing,” Publishers Marketplace is one of the most powerful tools available for authors, agents, and industry professionals. The platform is best known for its daily deal listings, where publishing houses and agents announce new book acquisitions. This database allows writers to see which genres and categories are currently selling, which editors are buying, and which agents are closing deals—an invaluable resource for anyone querying agents or tracking industry trends.
In addition to deal reporting, Publishers Marketplace maintains one of the most comprehensive literary agent directories, providing bios, client lists, and submission preferences. For authors researching potential representation, this transparency is unmatched. The site also publishes Publishers Lunch, a daily newsletter delivering insider updates on book sales, rights deals, and industry news.
Though it requires a subscription (currently around $25/month), Publishers Marketplace is widely regarded as essential for serious authors who want to understand the business side of publishing. By offering visibility into real-time market activity, it demystifies the opaque world of acquisitions and empowers writers to make more informed decisions about their careers.
SCBWI (Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators)
Founded in 1971, SCBWI has grown into the largest international professional organization for children’s literature creators, with more than 22,000 members across 80+ regional chapters worldwide. It supports writers and illustrators working in picture books, middle grade, and young adult fiction, as well as nonfiction for children. SCBWI is best known for its conferences and regional events, which connect members directly with editors, agents, and art directors. These gatherings often serve as launching pads for debut authors and illustrators, with many members securing book deals through contacts made at SCBWI events.
Membership also provides access to exclusive resources such as The Essential Guide to Publishing for Children, market surveys, and awards programs that recognize excellence in children’s publishing. Importantly, SCBWI offers a strong professional development framework, including grants, mentorships, and promotional opportunities through its member book listings and regional newsletters. For children’s book creators, SCBWI functions as both a supportive community and a career-building platform, combining craft development with practical publishing connections.
Authors Guild
Established in 1912, the Authors Guild is the oldest and largest professional organization for authors in the United States, representing writers across genres including fiction, nonfiction, journalism, and academic publishing. With over 13,000 members, the Guild’s mission is to advocate for fair treatment of authors and to protect their legal and economic interests. One of its most valuable services is contract review, where members can have publishing and agent contracts analyzed by staff attorneys to identify unfair terms or exploitative clauses.
The Guild also offers direct legal assistance, guidance on copyright law, and advocacy on issues such as fair royalties, digital rights, and freedom of expression. In recent years, the organization has taken a leading role in exposing publishing scams and impersonation schemes, issuing regular alerts to keep members informed. Members also benefit from a wide range of professional development resources, including webinars, workshops, and networking events, as well as practical perks like media liability insurance and website hosting.
Perhaps most importantly, the Authors Guild serves as a powerful collective voice in industry negotiations and policy debates. From lobbying for stronger copyright protections to fighting unfair contract terms, the Guild ensures that authors’ rights remain at the forefront of industry change. For writers at any stage, debut or established, the Guild provides both individual protection and collective advocacy.
Independent Book Publishers Association (IBPA)
Founded in 1983, IBPA is the largest professional association of independent publishers in the United States, representing more than 3,500 members, including small presses, hybrid publishers, and self-published authors. Its mission is to level the playing field for independent publishing by providing tools, education, and advocacy that help authors and publishers compete with larger, traditional houses.
One of IBPA’s most important contributions is its Industry Standards Checklist for a Professionally Published Book, a widely adopted guide that sets benchmarks for ethical publishing practices. This checklist is especially valuable for distinguishing legitimate hybrid publishers—which operate transparently and share costs fairly—from vanity presses that exploit authors with hidden fees and unfair contracts. IBPA also maintains a Hybrid Publisher Criteria framework, used by watchdogs and authors alike to evaluate whether a publisher is offering true partnership or merely charging for services.
In addition to standards, IBPA provides members with practical support, including educational webinars, regional events, and its flagship IBPA Publishing University, an annual conference covering everything from distribution and metadata to marketing and design. Members gain access to cooperative marketing programs, discounted distribution opportunities, and advocacy on key policy issues such as copyright law, sales tax fairness, and library access.
By combining education, ethical guidelines, and collective advocacy, IBPA plays a central role in professionalizing the independent publishing sector. For authors considering hybrid or small-press paths, IBPA is a critical resource for separating reputable partners from predatory operators.
Equipping yourself with these resources not only helps you avoid scams, but connects you with professional networks, market intelligence, and trusted advice. The more informed you are, the more confidently you can navigate your publishing journey.
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